Redemption Periods by Jurisdiction

Legal information, not legal advice. Verify against the cited primary sources before acting. Per-cell citations trace to the linked jurisdiction pages, each of which carries the retrieved primary-source source_url. Last verified: 2026-06-02.

Overview

This table aggregates the post-sale right of redemption for all 56 US jurisdictions, drawn from Module 2 (Right of Redemption) of each jurisdiction page. For each jurisdiction it states three things: the length of the post-sale redemption period, the event the clock runs from, and any tolling or extension events the source page identified. Where a jurisdiction provides no post-sale redemption (redemption is exclusively a pre-sale cure right), that fact is stated, because it is the single most consequential variable for both purchasers and former owners.

Three structural patterns recur across jurisdictions. First, the deed-state / strike-the-clock-at-sale group (California, Pennsylvania RETSL counties, Utah, Virginia, New Mexico, North Carolina, Kansas (post-foreclosure), Michigan, Arkansas, Washington for ordinary owners) terminates the right of redemption at or before the sale itself, leaving the former owner only a surplus-funds or deed-challenge remedy. Second, the fixed-clock lien-certificate group (Florida pre-deed, Iowa, Mississippi 2 years, South Carolina 12 months, Texas 180 days / 2 years, and others) runs a defined period — often 1 to 3 years — from the date of sale. Third, a large group runs an open-ended period that closes only on a triggering event — issuance of a treasurer’s/tax deed, entry of a foreclosure judgment, or completed service of a statutory notice — so the practical window is governed by how quickly the purchaser acts rather than by a fixed calendar.

Tolling is highly jurisdiction-specific. A minority of jurisdictions codify disability extensions for minors and incompetents (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming). Many pages flag disability, SCRA, and bankruptcy tolling as needs_verification because no state-specific provision was located against a retrieved primary source; the federal bankruptcy automatic stay and SCRA operate as overlays regardless. Those honest gaps are carried into the table below as ⚠ needs_verification rather than filled with invented values.

Comparative table

JurisdictionPost-sale redemption period (length)Runs fromTolling / extension eventsCitation
alabamaSale-of-land: 3 yrs statutory (longer if bid-in for State) + open-ended judicial redemption while owner retains possession (cut off by 3 yrs adverse possession). Tax-lien (Art. 7): until foreclosure judgment (no foreclosure before 3 yrs)Sale-of-land: date of tax sale. Tax-lien: auction dateBankruptcy stay extends the 3-/10-yr window by 12 mo (§40-10-197); minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verificationAla. Code §§40-10-120, 40-10-82/83; 40-10-193, 40-10-197
alaskaAt least 1 yr (held by municipality); right expires 30 days after first publication of the expiration noticeTransfer/foreclosure to the municipalityState-specific tolling of the redemption clock ⚠ needs_verification; SCRA / bankruptcy applyAS 29.45.400, 29.45.440
arizona3 yrs; remains available after 3 yrs until treasurer’s deed delivered or right foreclosed by judgment (foreclosure must be filed within 10 yrs)Date of the tax-lien saleState-specific tolling ⚠ needs_verification; general civil-disability principles and SCRA may applyA.R.S. §§42-18152, 42-18201, 42-18204
arkansasNONE (post-2023). Redemption must be received before 4:00 p.m. on the last business day before saleN/A (pre-sale cutoff)Minor / mentally incapacitated / armed-forces-during-war owner may redeem within 2 yrs after disability removed (exact current subsection ⚠ needs_verification)Ark. Code §§26-37-202(e), 26-37-310
californiaNONE. No statutory right to redeem after the tax deed records (residual excess-proceeds claim only)N/A (pre-sale; ends close of business last business day before sale)Installment plans suspend power of sale; minors/incompetents/SCRA tolling ⚠ needs_verificationRTC §§3691, 3707, 3708
coloradoAt any time before execution of a treasurer’s deed — functionally ~3 yrs (CP holder cannot apply for deed until 3 yrs after sale)Date of the tax-lien salePersons under disability (minors/incompetents) get extended window (§39-12-104); federal redemption rights preserved by HB24-1056C.R.S. §§39-12-103, 39-12-104
connecticut6 months (shortened to 60 days for abandoned property or per local ordinance)Date of the tax saleMinors/incompetents/SCRA tolling ⚠ needs_verification; bankruptcy stay applies generallyCGA §12-157(e)–(f)
delawareMonition (statewide): 60 days from court confirmation. Kent & Sussex (subch. IV): 1 yr from time of saleMonition: court confirmation of sale. Subch. IV: time of saleMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling of the 60-day or 1-yr period ⚠ needs_verification9 Del. C. §§8729, 8776
floridaNONE post-deed. Pre-deed: redeemable any time after certificate issuance until tax deed issuesN/A (ends when clerk receives full payment for / issues the tax deed)Minors/incompetents/SCRA disability tolling ⚠ needs_verification; bankruptcy stay applies generally§§197.472, 197.502
georgiaAt least 12 months, continuing until the right is foreclosed by the §48-4-45 barment notice (whichever is later)Date of the tax saleRedemption stays open until proper §48-4-45 notice; defective notice does not start the bar. Minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verificationO.C.G.A. §§48-4-40, 48-4-45
hawaii1 yr (or, if deed not recorded within 60 days of sale, from the date the deed is recorded — whichever is later)Date of sale (or deed recording date)Minors/incompetents tolling not confirmed ⚠ needs_verification; SCRA / bankruptcy applyHRS 231-67
idaho14 months after the tax deed issues to the county (cut off earlier by county sale/contract/transfer)Date the tax deed issues to the countyState-specific statutory tolling for minors/incompetents ⚠ needs_verification; SCRA / bankruptcy applyIdaho Code §63-1007
illinoisGeneral: 2.5 yrs. 1 yr if vacant non-farm, commercial/industrial, or 7+-unit structure. Holder may extend, not beyond 3 yrsDate of saleIndemnity fund (10-yr claim window) backstops; HB4537 6-month extension interaction and minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verification35 ILCS 200/21-350, 21-385
indianaGenerally 1 yr; 120 days for county-executive-lien parcels not resold or certificates assigned to a political subdivision / urban-redevelopment agencyDate of the tax sale (date of sale of the certificate)Period extended if extended under federal bankruptcy law (IC 6-1.1-24-7); minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verificationIC 6-1.1-25-4
iowaEnds 90 days after completed service of the notice of expiration; notice not servable until 1 yr 9 mo after a regular sale (~21 mo + 90 days floor); 9 mo for §446.18 public-bidder sales; 3 mo for §446.19A/B housing/nuisance salesDate of sale (notice clock); 90-day clock from completed servicePersons under legal disability may redeem up to 1 yr after disability removed (3-yr outer limit); SCRA / bankruptcy overlayIowa Code §§447.9, 447.12, 447.7
kansasNo post-foreclosure-sale redemption. Pre-foreclosure bid-in period: homestead 3 yrs; other real estate 2 yrs; abandoned building 1 yrDate of the county’s bid-in tax salePersons under legal disability (minors/incompetents) get extended window (Art. 24); exact subsection ⚠ needs_verification; federal/IRS rights preservedK.S.A. 79-2401a
kentucky6 months — but only if the property brought less than 2/3 of appraised value at the judicial sale; otherwise no post-sale redemptionDay of the master-commissioner saleMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling ⚠ needs_verificationKRS 426.530; KRS 134.546
louisiana3 yrs (peremptive); 18 months for blighted/abandoned property declared before the saleDate of recordation of the tax lien certificateMinors/interdicts, SCRA, bankruptcy treatment under the new tax-lien articles ⚠ needs_verificationLa. Const. art. VII §25(B); R.S. 47:2156
maineNo post-sale redemption (no sale triggering a clock). Pre-foreclosure right runs 18 months from recording of the tax lien certificate; 3-month defective-notice cure after actual knowledge18-month anniversary of recording the tax lien certificateBankruptcy stay can pause; Maine-specific tolling for minors/incompetents/SCRA and exact bankruptcy interaction ⚠ needs_verification36 M.R.S. §943
marylandOpen-ended — redeemable until the right is finally foreclosed by circuit-court judgment; holder must wait 6 months (9 months owner-occupied) to sue; certificate void if foreclosure not filed within 2 yrsForeclosure-eligibility clock from date of sale; redemption ends at final judgmentMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling under Title 14 ⚠ needs_verificationTP §§14-827, 14-833
massachusettsOpen-ended — redeemable before a foreclosure petition is filed (§62) and, post-petition, on Land Court terms until judgment of foreclosure entersDate of taking (interest accrual); ends at Land Court judgmentPost-judgment petition to vacate within 1 yr for extraordinary circumstances (may be excused for defective notice); SCRA/minority/incapacity cross-reference ⚠ needs_verificationG.L. c. 60 §§62, 64, 76
michiganNONE (tax). Pre-cutoff right ends March 31 immediately succeeding the judgment of foreclosure (or 21 days post-judgment if contested)March 31 after entry of foreclosure judgmentMinors/incompetents/SCRA effect on the GPTA cutoff ⚠ needs_verificationMCL 211.78g, 211.78k
minnesota3 yrs; 1 yr for non-homestead land in a designated targeted community / certain solid-waste facilities; 5 weeks for certain abandoned/vacant on court orderDate of the tax judgment sale to the StatePeriod extended for persons under legal disability (§281.39); period ends 60 days after Notice of Expiration served; SCRA/bankruptcy overlayMinn. Stat. 281.17, 281.39, 281.21
mississippi2 yrs, foreclosing at 5:01 p.m. on the precise two-year anniversaryDay of the tax saleCourts have equitably extended (e.g., 60 days) where redeemer was prevented through no fault; minors/persons of unsound mind extended-period subsection ⚠ needs_verificationMiss. Code §27-45-3
missouriFirst/second offering: at least 1 yr, defeasible until collector’s deed issues. Third offering: 90 days. Subsequent offering: noneDate of saleDefeasible right runs until deed issuance (delay in §140.405 notice extends window); minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verificationRSMo 140.340, 140.250, 140.405
montana36 months, or 60 days after the §15-18-212 notice, whichever is later; 24 months for certain residential/commercial lots with delinquent special assessments and no structuresFirst day of the tax lien sale§15-18-411 quiet-title provisions for indigent/disabled owners; SCRA/bankruptcy overlay; detail ⚠ needs_verificationMCA §15-18-111
nebraska3 yrs core window; persists until holder files tax-deed application (redemption valid only if received before close of business that day); 2 yrs for vacant and abandoned parcelsDate of saleStatutory tolling for minors/disability/SCRA not located ⚠ needs_verification; federal bankruptcy/SCRA operate independentlyNeb. Rev. Stat. §§77-1824, 77-1837
nevadaIn-trust period 2 yrs (1 yr abandoned); post-deed reconveyance available up to 5 p.m. on the third business day before the saleFirst Monday in June of the certificate yearState-specific tolling of the tax-trust redemption clock ⚠ needs_verification; general civil-disability and SCRA may applyNRS 361.570, 361.585
new-hampshirePre-deed lien redemption functionally 2 yrs (deed issues 2 yrs after lien execution). Post-deed repurchase under RSA 80:89: within 30 days of notice, or up to 3 yrs of deed recording if no noticeLien-redemption from lien execution; repurchase from tax-deed recordingBankruptcy stay; NH-specific minors/incompetents/SCRA and bankruptcy interaction with the 2-yr clock ⚠ needs_verificationRSA 80:69, 80:76, 80:89
new-jerseyOpen-ended — holder cannot file to foreclose for 2 yrs (municipality 6 months); redemption available until final judgmentForeclosure-eligibility clock from date of sale; ends at final judgmentMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling ⚠ needs_verification; bankruptcy stay applies generallyR.S. 54:5-86, 54:5-87
new-mexicoNONE. No statutory right of redemption after a tax sale (only a court challenge to the sale, 2-yr limit)N/A (ends at sale and delivery of tax deed)Federal IRS-lien 120-day redemption (26 U.S.C. §7425) where junior federal lien foreclosed; state minors/incompetents tolling ⚠ needs_verificationNMSA §§7-38-65, 7-38-70
new-york2 yrs after lien date by default; district may extend (residential/farm) or reduce to 1 yr for registered vacant-and-abandoned residentialLien date (later §1124 published expiration date controls if specified)Extensions for residential/farm property (§1111); minors/incompetents and federal stays ⚠ needs_verificationRPTL §§1110, 1111, 1131
north-carolinaNone. Only the 10-day upset-bid window before confirmation; once the sale is confirmed and the deed delivered, no statutory redemptionN/A (ends at confirmation / deed delivery)Minor/incompetent and SCRA tolling ⚠ needs_verificationG.S. 105-374, 105-375
north-dakotaNone in the conventional sense — failure to satisfy the lien by Oct. 1 passes title to the county (only a repurchase right remains)Satisfaction deadline of October 1 following the June 1 foreclosure noticeSCRA / bankruptcy operate by federal law; minor/incompetent tolling (no ch. 57-28 provision identified) ⚠ needs_verificationNDCC 57-28-08
ohioNone for the tax-foreclosure deed — equity of redemption extinguished at confirmation of sale. Certificate path: redeemable until entry of confirmationN/A (ends at confirmation of sale)Ohio-specific statutory disability tolling for tax redemption ⚠ needs_verification (minors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy)R.C. 5721.25, 5721.38
oklahomaNo fixed post-deed window — redeemable any time before execution of the resale deed; effectively ~2 yrs of practical time after the October lien saleContinuous until deed execution; 3-yr delinquency clock from when taxes first dueRedemption not lost by lapse where timely effort thwarted by the officer (Henry v. Brown); minors/incompetents/SCRA ⚠ needs_verification68 O.S. §§3113, 3105
oregon2 yrs from the judgment of foreclosure (unless sooner redeemed); reduced to 30 days after a county waste/abandonment determinationDate of the judgment of foreclosurePersons under disability per ORS 12.160 excepted from conclusive-notice presumption (§312.216); SCRA/bankruptcy overlayORS 312.120, 312.122, 312.216
pennsylvaniaRETSL counties: NONE (“no redemption after the actual sale”). MCTLA counties (Phila./Allegheny): 9 months (no right for vacant property)RETSL: N/A. MCTLA: date of acknowledgment of the sheriff’s deedBankruptcy stay applies in both systems; minors/incompetents/SCRA interaction ⚠ needs_verification72 P.S. §5860.501; 53 P.S. §7293
rhode-islandRedeemable until a foreclosure petition is filed; petition cannot be brought until 1 yr after sale (so at least 1 yr and continuing)Date of the collector’s saleNo infancy/incompetency tolling stated in ch. 44-9 ⚠ needs_verification; RIHMFC property carve-out (no petition 5 yrs)R.I. Gen. Laws §§44-9-21, 44-9-25, 44-9-29
south-carolina12 monthsDate of the delinquent tax saleSC-specific minors/incompetents and SCRA tolling ⚠ needs_verification; bankruptcy stay appliesS.C. Code §12-51-90
south-dakota3 yrs (no deed sought during), plus back-end: redemption does not expire until 60 days after the affidavit of completed service of the notice of intent to take tax deed is filedDate of the tax-certificate saleFederal bankruptcy/SCRA overlays apply; state-law minors/incompetents tolling ⚠ needs_verificationSDCL 10-25-1, 10-25-8
tennesseeVariable by delinquency length: ≤5 yrs → 1 yr; >5 <8 yrs → 180 days; ≥8 yrs → 90 days; vacant/abandoned → 30 daysEntry of the order confirming the saleGeneral bankruptcy/SCRA apply; no extension for minors/incompetents beyond the statutory scale; any disability-based tolling specific to §67-5-2701 ⚠ needs_verificationTenn. Code Ann. §67-5-2701
texas2 yrs for residence-homestead, agricultural-use, or mineral interest; 180 days for all other propertyDate the purchaser’s deed is filed for recordMinors/incompetents/SCRA tolling ⚠ needs_verificationTex. Tax Code §34.21
utahNONE. No post-sale redemption after a tax deed issues; redemption ends at the tax saleN/A (pre-sale; ends when parcel sold at the May/June sale)§59-2-1346 contains no disability tolling; minors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling of the 4-yr clock ⚠ needs_verificationUtah Code §59-2-1346
vermont1 yrDay of the tax sale§5260 does not contain a disability extension; statutory tolling for minors/incompetents ⚠ needs_verification; bankruptcy stay applies32 V.S.A. §5260
virginiaNone. Pre-sale right is the only redemption right; once the court confirms the sale, the owner cannot redeem (≤72-month installment alternative pre-sale)N/A (extinguished at the moment of sale)Unknown owners/heirs and persons under disability reached by GAL/order of publication; specific minors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling ⚠ needs_verificationVa. Code §§58.1-3965, 58.1-3967
washingtonNONE for ordinary owners; 3 yrs after the date of sale for minors / legally incompetent personsDate of sale (the 3-yr disability window)Minors and legally incompetent persons: 3 yrs post-sale (RCW 84.64.070); bankruptcy stay / SCRA applyRCW 84.64.070, 84.64.080
west-virginiaNo fixed clock — redeemable any time before a tax deed is issued; purchaser must request the notice-to-redeem within 120 days of sale or lose the purchaseOpen-ended (clock runs against the purchaser, not the owner)Persons under disability (minors/incompetents) have extended right under §11A-4-6; exact window and interplay ⚠ needs_verification; SCRA/bankruptcy applyW. Va. Code §§11A-3-56, 11A-3-52, 11A-4-6
wisconsinOpen-ended — in rem foreclosure (75.521): redeemable until the notice date (≥8 weeks after first publication), answer within 30 days; county cannot take deed until 2 yrs after certificate issuesCertificate issuance / notice publication datesIn rem judgment expressly bars even infants and adjudicated-incompetent persons — no surviving minority/incompetency tolling; bankruptcy stay tolls; SCRA appliesWis. Stat. 75.521, 75.07, 75.12
wyoming4 yrs; remains possible until a valid tax-deed application is filed and accepted (treasurer may not issue a deed after 6 yrs)Date of the tax saleMinor / person under legal disability receives extended time (§39-13-108); exact list flagged ⚠ needs_verification; SCRA/bankruptcy applyWyo. Stat. §39-13-108
district-of-columbiaOpen-ended — purchaser cannot file to foreclose for at least 6 months; redeemable until Superior Court enters final judgment foreclosing the rightForeclosure-eligibility clock from date of sale; ends at final judgmentMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling under Chapter 13A ⚠ needs_verificationD.C. Code §§47-1360, 47-1361, 47-1370
puerto-rico30 days from issuance of the certificado de compraDate the purchase certificate is issuedSale postponement (not classic tolling) for elderly / terminally or permanently ill taxpayers (Art. 7.072); bankruptcy per federal Code (Art. 7.063)Ley 107-2020, Art. 7.086
guamPre-deed (sale to Government): 1 yr (90 days’ notice before deed). Post-public-auction (Government resale): 1 yr to redeem from the purchaser at 12%/yrPre-deed: date of sale to the Government. Post-auction: date of the Government’s public-auction saleMinors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy not addressed in Chapter 24 ⚠ needs_verification11 GCA §§24812, 24815, 24817
us-virgin-islands1 yrDate of sale at public auctionNo V.I.-specific tolling located ⚠ needs_verification; federal bankruptcy stay applies and 11 U.S.C. §108(b) may extend a pre-petition period33 V.I.C. §§2581, 2584
northern-mariana-islands12 months (mortgage-foreclosure statutory redemption; no tax-sale system)Date of the foreclosure saleEquitable tolling applies — the 12-month period may be extended on a finding of fraud, oppression, or other equitable circumstances (Pacific Financial Corp. v. Sablan); rents-and-profits demand extends the period2 CMC §§4541, 4542, 4543
american-samoaNo statutory post-foreclosure redemption located (mortgage foreclosure; no tax-sale system). Protection is pre-sale cure/defense ⚠ needs_verificationN/AFederal SCRA and bankruptcy automatic stay apply; no territory-specific tolling located ⚠ needs_verificationA.S.C.A. Title 37 Ch. 11 (§§37.1103–37.1109)

Notable clusters / outliers

No post-sale redemption at all. A distinct cluster terminates the right of redemption at or before the sale: california, utah, virginia, new-mexico, north-carolina, pennsylvania (RETSL counties), kansas (post-foreclosure), michigan, arkansas (post-2023), and washington (ordinary owners). In these jurisdictions the former owner’s only post-sale remedy is a surplus-funds claim or a deed challenge. north-dakota, maine, and ohio (tax-foreclosure deed) function similarly, with title passing on a fixed event rather than a sale auction.

Longest fixed periods. wyoming (4 yrs) and the 3-year cluster (arizona, colorado, minnesota, montana, nebraska, south-dakota, louisiana) sit at the long end. alabama is an outlier: beyond its 3-year statutory period it recognizes an open-ended judicial redemption while the owner retains possession, plausibly the longest effective window of any jurisdiction.

Variable-by-circumstance schedules. tennessee scales the period inversely to delinquency length (1 yr down to 30 days). texas (2 yrs vs. 180 days), illinois (2.5 yrs vs. 1 yr), new-york (2 yrs vs. 1 yr), oregon (2 yrs vs. 30 days), kansas (3/2/1 yr), and pennsylvania’s vacant-property carve-out all tie the period to property type or occupancy status.

Event-triggered (open-ended) windows. maryland, massachusetts, new-jersey, rhode-island, district-of-columbia, wisconsin, georgia, west-virginia, and the certificate path in ohio keep redemption open until a foreclosure judgment, deed issuance, or completed statutory notice — so the operative deadline is procedural rather than calendar-fixed.

Territorial divergence. puerto-rico runs an unusually short 30-day window from the purchase certificate (a sharp reduction from the prior one-year regime). northern-mariana-islands and american-samoa have no tax-sale system; the row reflects mortgage-foreclosure redemption (12 months in CNMI, with equitable tolling; none located in American Samoa).

▸ For Investors / Operators Redemption length is the primary determinant of how long acquired title remains defeasible and capital sits at risk. Distinguish fixed-clock states (Texas, Mississippi, South Carolina) from event-triggered states (Maryland, New Jersey, D.C.), where your own diligence in perfecting notice or filing foreclosure controls when the window closes. Note the no-redemption deed states (California, Pennsylvania RETSL, Utah, Virginia) where title is marketable far sooner, and the disability/equitable-tolling jurisdictions where a minor, incompetent, or defrauded owner can reopen a window you believed closed. Confirm the exact runs-from event and any tolling on the linked jurisdiction page before modeling a hold period.

▸ For Former Owners If your property was sold, the window to redeem — and what it costs — depends entirely on your jurisdiction. Some states give years (Wyoming 4, the 3-year cluster); others give months or close the window at the sale itself (California, Utah, Virginia, Arkansas). In event-triggered states (Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, D.C.) you may have until a court enters final judgment. Where redemption is unavailable, your remaining right is usually to the surplus from the sale. Deadlines are strict and run from a specific event; check your jurisdiction page and act before the date listed.

Sources

Each cell’s statute citation and the underlying redemption rule trace to Module 2 (Right of Redemption) of the linked jurisdiction page, where the retrieved primary-source source_url (statute, constitution, regulation, or case) is recorded. This table performs no independent legal research; it aggregates already-cited material. Cells marked ⚠ needs_verification reflect an honest gap carried from the source page (typically state-specific minors/incompetents/SCRA/bankruptcy tolling not confirmed against a retrieved primary source) — not a fabricated value. Verify any deadline against the cited statute and the source page before acting.

Legal information, not legal advice. This table summarizes statutory redemption rules that change with legislative amendments and judicial decisions; confirm the current text of each cited provision and consult a licensed attorney in the relevant jurisdiction before acting. Last verified: 2026-06-02.